Power System Contingency Study of On-Grid Renewable Energy Resources with D.G. in a Different Conditions

Contingency studies are conducted to assess the importance and reliability of power control systems by evaluating unspecified equipment outages under various conditions. This study conducts a comprehensive contingency analysis of a hybrid power system including distributed generators (D.G.s), wind farms, solar photovoltaic arrays, and grid connections to evaluate its resilience under N-1 power outage scenarios. Steady-state, dynamic, and voltage stability analyses are performed using Newton-Raphson and fast power flow simulations. The study presents key performance indicators for steady-state and dynamic responses, addressing voltage stability, thermal overload, and power flow redistribution. Mitigation strategies are proposed, including partial power compensation, ready-to-use generation scheduling, load shedding, and system resilience. The study also highlights the importance of contingency analysis based on reliable NERC/WECC standards and indicates how changing conditions impact grid resilience. The ETAP analysis supports an N-1 evaluation and the strategies used to determine system performance parameters, providing optimized operating thresholds for each component in the power system through the addition of user-defined components and failure scenarios. A hybrid power system was analyzed based on the separation of busbars, cables, distribution generator, transformers, wind generators, and the solar array. The study presents a new composite performance index (CPI) for use with hybrid power systems, integrating four sub-indices: voltage integrity (V/Vsp), real and reactive power deviations (ΔP and ΔQ), and branch overload (S/Ssp) to classify the severity of the contingency. The results show that the power outage on bus 1 (connected to the main grid) is the most severe (CPI = 103.065). In contrast, the outage's impact on the photovoltaic arrays is minimal (CPI < 1), highlighting the system's reliance on centralized generation. The study also shows that proximity to high-power transmission elements enhances the impact of the contingency, while distributed renewable energy sources enhance resilience. This work provides practical insights for grid operators managing hybrid systems amid increasing renewable energy deployment and climate-induced disruptions. A reliable power grid isn’t just about avoiding blackouts, it’s about designing systems that can adapt, recover, and keep electricity flowing even when things go wrong. This paper provides both the tools and the mindset needed to build that future.